great victory, a siege, no longer maintains its original proportions, but is put off with a bare
mention. When Livy e.g. tells us of the wars with the Volsci, we sometimes have the brief
announcement: “This year war was carried on with the Volsci.”
A second species of Reflective History is what we may call the Pragmatical. When we have to
deal with the Past, and occupy ourselves with a remote world a Present rises into being for the
mind - produced by its own activity, as the reward of its labour. The occurrences are, indeed,
various; but the idea which pervades them - their deeper import and connection - is one. This
takes the occurrence out of the category of the Past and makes it virtually Present. Pragmatical
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